As local as possible, as international as necessary? Knowledge review on locally-led humanitarian responses in Ukraine

This review examines the essential role of local actors in Ukraine in saving lives and addressing needs. Ukrainian grassroots groups, non-governmental organizations and local self-governments tend to access communities more easily, have a solid understanding of existing needs and resources and a capacity for agile problem solving in a highly unstable landscape. Local actors also often respond earlier and remain present longer than international actors. The review argues that partnership models between international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) and local actors can amplify the impact and visibility of such locally-led humanitarian responses. To meaningfully partner with local actors, INGOs need to address structural barriers within their own systems. This includes sharing leadership and decision-making power, providing multi-year and flexible funding, and recognizing community leadership as central – not peripheral – to effective humanitarian action. Co-creation, mutual accountability and genuine, two-way learning are crucial for this shift.